| Maunath Bhanjan | |
| — city — | |
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| Coordinates | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District(s) | Mau |
| Population | 210,071 (2001[update]) |
| Sex ratio | 947 (as of 1991) ♂/♀ |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) |
Mau (Hindi: मऊ, Urdu: مئو maū), formerly Mau Nath Bhanjan (Hindi: मऊनाथ भंजन, Urdu: مئو نات بنجن), nearly 90 km from Varanasi is the powerhouse of textile weavers in Eastern UP, India. It is a small industrial town on the banks of Ghaghra (Saryu). The Tamasa river flows through the city. The credit of converting this city to a district goes to the (late) Kalpnath Rai (former MP for Ghosi). In 1960s it was the biggest supplier of a plant called plash.
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Many myths are popular regarding history of Mau district. Popular opinion has it that the name Mau is considered to be derived from a Turkish word meaning "barrack" (Hindi: garh, padav, chavani).
District MAU has a very rich historical background from the protohistorical period.
During the reign of Sher Shah Suri, the famous emperor who had defeated Humayun, visited Kolhuvavan (Madhuban) to meet the great Sufi saint Syed Ahmad Wadva. Mahvani, one of the daughters of Sher Shah was settled permanently near the dargah of Syed Sahab. Various developmental works were undertaken by Sher Shah Suri during his reign for economic development of the Mau region. After Humayun had retaken India, mention is given in the historical book of Jiyaudeen Barni saying that his son Akbar the Great passed through Mau, on his way towards Allahabad.
During the construction of a military base and the Shahi Masjid, a large number of laborers and artisans came with the Mughal Army. They, the weavers, etc. had originally come from Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey; they settled there permanently.
During the period of India's struggle for freedom the residents of Mau gave their full support to the movement. Mahatma Gandhi came to Dohrighat on 3 October 1939 during the 3rd salt law breaking movement; many persons of Mau actively took part.
During the 1942 Quit India Movement a mob had collected in outrage of an action by a Madhuban Police Station Officer; Collector Navlate was present there, he ordered his men to open fire on the mob killing and injuring many people. In memory of the shaheeds of that day a monument was built on the site were the shaheeds had made the ultimate sacrifice.
In the 1970s and early 1980s many people (like Jharkhandey Rai, Tejpal Singh) worked hard for social empowerment in Mau.
Mau was an important township of Azamgarh district before its creation as a district itself. On 19 November 1988 it was made a district, largely due to the efforts of the Late Kalpnath Rai (MP Ghosi) The local language of Mau is peculiar to the area as it includes the dialects of Bhojpuri Persian, Turkish and Irani. The main Industrial setup here is of cloth making by powerloom due to the presence of a large number of weavers in the district. Sari, Lungi and other clothes being prepared there are exported to various states of India and also to various countries.
A village in Mau called Sonadih is famous for dhieru's way of studying in Baba Thanidas Ji Temple. Sheetla mata mandir and vandevi are two important temples in mau.
Mau is situated on the fertile plains of the Ganga - Ghaghara doab. It lies between 83° 17’ to 84° 52' East & 24° 47' to 26°17' North. At its north, Ghaghara river is on the border, Ghazipur district is on the south, Ballia district is on the east & Azamgarh district is on the west side. This district represents geographical characteristics of mid Gangetic plain. "Khachari" and "Khadar" are types of soil found in the areas of north of Azamgarh - Ballia Road. In some high places "Bangar" soil is also found. In the southern part of the district, river flow is absent, due to which that area has Bangar type of soil, which is not fertile. The river system of the district is dominated by the Tons River and its tributary Choti Sarju. The Ghaghara River forms the northern border of the district. The main means of irrigation in the district are tubewells. Ponds are used mainly for fishing and bird sanctuary purposes. In Mau "Pakari Piua" pond have 1.7 km breadth and 32 km length. It also has two big ponds (Tal)one Ratoy tal near Madhuban and Garha tal near Ratanpura. Ground water can be obtained from 15 to 20 meters depth. Ground water is used for drinking purposes. Farmers use tubewell for irrigation purposes. Ghosi is the main town of mau district. sarvodaya inter college is a famous college in the city many professionals are the alumini of the college. Rajesh Kumar a reknowed professional in sugar & alcohol industry also belongs to the district.in medical field it has second position after varanasi.here so many specialist in particularised body part.in such way FATIMA hospital is a live example for people. Talimuddin College is the famous college in Mau, which has given high class IT professionals working in Target, Wipro, IBM etc.
Indian Council of Agricultural Research established an institute dedicated to research on microorganisms at Mau.(www.nbaim.org).
Laxmi Narayan Mishra (1903-1987) was born in the village Basti, district Mau.He was a popular play writer of HINDI. He was a theatre personality of Uttar Pradesh. His works became very popular between the 1930 and 1950.They were frequently staged by schools,colleges, and amateur groups. Laxmi Narayan Mishra is considered the founder of the problem play in hindi theatre.
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